![]() ![]() Our protocols required hand pressure to the wound for at least 10 min after sheath extraction, until cutaneous bleeding ceased, followed by a pressurized bandage for 6 h. Systemic heparinization (50–100 units/kg) was used during the procedure in all cases. MethodsĪll catheterization procedures were performed in accordance with routine procedure. Human participants' names and other HIPAA identifiers were removed from all sections of the manuscript. The experiment including any relevant details was approved by the hospital ethics committee and performed in accordance with applicable guidelines and regulations. The need to obtain informed consent from the patients was waived by the approving committee. Data extraction was approved by our institution’s ethics committee (Biomedical research ethics committee, Beijing Huaxin hospital). Ultrasound guided puncture and closure device were not used in any cases. Cardiac catheterizations via venous approach alone had been excluded. Patients who had undergone the procedure were 12 years of age or younger. The objective of this study was to review the prevalence of FAO in children up to 12 years old after cardiac catheterization and identify risk factors associated with FAO in two centers.Ī database of 2,084 pediatric cardiac catheterization procedures performed via femoral artery cannulation at the First Hospital of Tsinghua University (Beijing Huaxin hospital) and Beijing Anzhen Hospital of Capital Medical University during the period August 1, 2009, through Septemwas reviewed in this study. ![]() Furthermore, the literature lacks many large cohort studies which would allow calculation of the incidence of FAO and related risk factors after pediatric cardiac catheterization in China. ![]() However, there remains uncertainty as to precise risk factors since publications represent simple case reports and different study designs and criteria. A variety of relevant factors have been identified for FAO 7, 10, 12, 13, 14, including age, weight, cyanosis, size of needle and sheath, puncture frequency, number of procedural catheter changes and total procedure time. Femoral artery occlusion (FAO) is one of the most common relevant complications with reported incidences of 0.7–11.4% in children 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12. Percutaneous cardiac catheterization in children has been widely accepted since 1962 1, 2, 3, although it is an invasive procedure with several associated complications. Operation time > 77.5 min and sheath/age > 0.5334 could effectively predict high risk of FAO after pediatric cardiac catheterization. Operation time and sheath/age were confirmed as significant and independent risk factors associated with FAO. Patients with younger age, lower height, longer operation time, electrophysiological (EP) diagnosis or/and therapy for arrhythmias, higher Sheath/Age, higher Sheath/Height and higher Sheath/Weight ratios had higher risk for FAO compared to their respective control groups ( p 77.5 min or sheath/age > 0.5334 had a significantly higher risk for FAO. FAO occurred in 19 (0.9%) out of 2,084 children following cardiac catheterization. The ROC curve was also used to assess the influence of risk factors to predict FAO. After collecting clinical data from patients who had undergone pediatric cardiac catheterization, univariate and multivariate analysis were used to evaluate the correlations between FAO and clinical factors, including sex, age, height, weight, sheath size, operation time, therapeutic strategy, sheath/age, sheath/height and sheath/weight. The Objective was to review the prevalence of femoral artery occlusion (FAO) after cardiac catheterization in children up to 12 years old from two centers in China and identify its related risk factors. ![]()
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